When the average dog owner thinks of dog training, there are a number of different images that often come up in their minds. Considerations of approach or method of training (usually stipulated by the use of a certain tool) and also the style of training whether done in a group environment, privately, or a aptly named boot-camp or “board and train” type dog training program.
In this article we are going to explore the various dog training collars and tools that abound today’s consumer. If you as a pet-owning consumer were to stroll through the aisles of you local pet store and hit the training equipment aisle, you would certainly on your first visit be overwhelmed by the myriad of choices and options. It seems there are hundreds of different dog training devices available, from toys with built in clickers to anti-pulling harnesses to dog-bark translators. Obviously some carry far less merit as training tools then as purely entertainment devices, however there are a still several options that continue to persist as the years progress. Some of the most common devices available these days include: clickers, head-halters, harnesses, flat-collars, martingale collars, slip-collars, choke chains, pinch/prong collars and remote electronic collars.
There is a lot of dispute in the dog training world about which tool is appropriate and one of the strongest buzz words these days in dog training circles is “humane”.
Some of the dog training tools that are available have been around since the time when my grandparents were born, whereas some are relatively new comers on the scene. Each tool available has a specific purpose and use, and though some dog trainers may tend to favour certain tools, ultimately they all have a place and carry out a specific role. Their persistence in the marketplace is an example of just how useful some tools can be despite the uneducated opinion many people hold about them.
I want to focus this article on the application of these various tools and hopefully dispel the myths and present some facts. A quick note before we begin our analysis. Controversy is a favourite past-time of humans, and perhaps one of the most contentious topics for people is the use of “humane” dog training tools. One of the biggest hurdles for a lot of dog owners is releasing their emotional attachments to their dogs and forcing themselves to form educated opinions of these tools. Lack of education leads to ignorance. Ignorance leads to condemnation. Being realistic is what enables a dog owner to determine humane from inhumane. Using our eyes, ears and brains are the best way to determine how humane something is. Education is key. Another quick note: it is advised that NO collar or training tool should be left on your dog unattended or overnight. The risk of strangulation or injury is always present even if your dog is in a crate or kennel. It’s also important to educate yourself on how to properly use a tool to achieve effective results and minimize risk. Consult a professional dog trainer that is proficient in using a certain tool successfully if you are looking for more information.
Let’s begin by analyzing some of the newer tools on the market that fit into the supposed “humane” end of the spectrum of dog training tools.
Clickers are a widely used tool in dog training and really represent a modern wave in dog training that is founded on the principles of the behavioural theory of operant and classical conditioning. Avoiding the technical stuff, basically a clicker is a small plastic box embedded with a piece of metal that when pressed like a button makes a loud and unique “click-click” sound. The theory behind this tool is that it is by nature a neutral tool. The noise has no meaning to the dog. However as part of clicker training, the trainer teaches or “conditions” the dog that the clicker equates to something of high-value to the dog. This resource could be a toy/game or more commonly food.
Basically the clicker is used like a camera to capture a picture in the dog’s mind. By clicking the clicker the instant the dog offers or performs a desired behaviour, the action is marked with a reward. Clicker training is very effective at teaching behaviours to dogs, but really only acts as a pull factor. This means that there is nothing pushing the dog to perform except their own desire, which for some dogs is not a problem, but for dogs who are prone to distraction this is only half the equation. Many dogs that have been successfully trained using a clicker, but again keep in mind that it is all highly dependent on the knowledge that is applied.
Head-halters and other variations of the tool work on the premise that the dog learns to stop straining on a leash based on the consequences of their own actions. Essentially these tools are fitted to your dog’s body (either head or chest or a combination) and a leash is attached to the device. The device is designed to prevent pulling by squeezing or torquing the dog’s body parts so as to make it uncomfortable for them to pull on the leash. Some dog trainers used these tools as control devices to help dogs ignore distraction while teaching them desired behaviours with clickers, food or their desired approach.
The biggest challenge with these tools is understanding how to fit them properly to keep them effective and also in being able to phase out the use of the tool and still have the dog understand how to walk properly. This is not a limitation of the tool, but rather a limitation of the individual using the tool. If the halter is used as a control device instead of a training tool, then the dog owner will always be dependent on the tool. This is the same as that old saying: “Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Teach him to fish and feed him for a lifetime.” Many people get spoiled by the quick control that they don’t bother to use the tool as part of a training regime.
There area variety of dog training collars available these days which can ultimately be broken down into two categories: static collars and constriction collars.Static collars are collars that stay the same size and do not constrict when a leash is pulled. They come in a variety of materials such as plastic, nylon, metal, leather as well as different designs. These are the most common tools and most every dog owner has one for their dog. They allow for identification tags to be attached and can even be used for training as a general purpose control collar.
Constriction collars do as the name implies: they constrict when pressure is applied with a leash. Choke chains, slip collars, martingale collars and pinch/prong collars all fit into this category as do some halter/harness designs. Perhaps the oldest and most widely used collar in this category is the choke chain.
Choke chains are remnants from the old military style dog training days. Originating around World War I, they have persisted over the years and are still the most commonly used tool by police and military departments in the US today. As with any tool, proper knowledge of how to use the tool properly is of paramount importance. Improper sizing and fit of ANY of these collars can result in damage to your dog.There is a reason that many of these tools have persisted over the years, and that is because with the proper application and knowledge these tools allow dog trainers to train dogs reliably and repeatably. If you are unsure of what can be accomplished using these tools, seek out a professional dog trainer who is successful using these tools to gain an educated opinion. Ask to see their dog as well. This will give you an impression of the results you can expects. A visual picture is worth a lot more than a thousand words.
A final category of dog training collars that is perhaps the most controversial is that of electronic dog training collars. There are different tools within this category that all serve different purposes.
There are electronic bark control devices such as bark-beepers which are designed to discourage nuisance barking by distracting the dog with a high-frequency beep activated by their bark. Bark collars use either a citronella burst or adjustable electric stimulation to deter unwanted barking. Usually a sound/vibration sensor on the collar detects when the dog barks an emits a correction. These devices and their quality vary a lot from manufacturer to manufacturer. There are pros and cons to these devices.
Firstly with citronella collars and bark-beepers these are designed to interrupt behaviour through distraction or in the case of citronella collars a mild aversive. The problem here is every dog is different and what works for one dog won’t necessarily work for all dogs. Some dogs are not deterred by citronella spray at all. They simply learn to avoid or ignore it.
With electronic bark collars, it is imperative for the above reason to make sure you purchase a collar that has multiple levels available. Relate bark collars and the stimulation provided to the volume of a stereo. You want adjustability because different situations may require higher or lower levels, and also because some dogs are more or less sensitive than the next. Also keep in mind that bark collar are 100% safe. There is no possible way that your dog can be burnt or hurt by the electrical stimulation they deliver. These devices are designed on the same principles that muscle stimulators are designed on. These devices used very low current stimulation which will not damage human or dog tissue. Some models are waterproof and some even have bark odometers to let you know how many times your dog barked while you were out.
Finally we reach the area or remote controlled electronic dog collars. Again these collars can either utilize a citronella based spray or electric stimulation. The citronella based remote collars are useful but typically are limited for the same reasons mentioned above for bark collars, but also in that they tend to be cheaply built and are really only designed for bad behaviour solving and typically don’t work past a 50-100ft in reality.
Remote electric collars are sometimes referred to as “Shock Collars” which really is a bad name for these tools. The term shock is an emotionally charged term that creates an image of pain in people’s minds. They relate these tools to cattle-prods and tasers, which couldn’t be further from the truth. Modern remote collars utilize medical-grade electric stimulation which is both highly adjustable and 100% safe. Modern advances in technology also allow for some remote collars to utilize vibration features which are also useful in dog training.
Changes in the mindset of some dog trainers has allowed for the application of remote dog collars in a wide variety of applications. Traditionally remote dog collars were used strictly as an aversive impulse to deter unwanted behaviour or to correct undesired response during training in distracting environments or at distance. Recently dog trainers have begun to take advantage of the adjustability of modern day remote collars and have found that remote collar no longer are confined to being used strictly as punitive tools. Many dog trainers are able to use remote collars to actually teach dog new skills as well as break the boundaries implied by traditional dog training tools and approaches.
Remote collars are a controversial topic but as with any dog training tool, it is imperative to educate yourself and view successful remote collar training in action before making an educated opinion. Sit Means Sit has a wide variety of dog training videos and even offers free demonstrations of our dog training technique at our dog training locations as well as our dog training seminars.
The internet is a vast resource for dog training and information on dog training collars and tools. Regardless of how you choose to train your dog and what tool you use, remember to use your common sense.
Determine your goals, educate yourself on the options available to you, seek out assistance or knowledge on how to use a tool successfully, but most importantly do what is going to work best for you and your dog.
November 16th, 2007 | Category: Dog Collars, Dog Obedience, Dog Training Equipment, Dog Training Las Vegas | Comments (2)